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四川省《中华人民共和国农村土地承包法》实施办法

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四川省《中华人民共和国农村土地承包法》实施办法

四川省人大常委会


四川省《中华人民共和国农村土地承包法》实施办法(NO:SC102261)


2007年11月29日四川省第十届人民代表大会常务委员会第三十一次会议通过

第一章 总  则

  第一条 根据《中华人民共和国农村土地承包法》,结合四川省实际,制定本实施办法。

  第二条 四川省行政区域内的农村土地承包及承包合同管理适用本实施办法。

  草地承包及承包合同管理按照《四川省〈中华人民共和国草原法〉实施办法》和有关规定执行。

  第三条 县级以上地方人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门按照各自职责负责本行政区域内农村土地承包及承包合同管理,其所属的农村经营管理机构、林业管理机构负责具体管理工作。乡(镇)人民政府负责本行政区域内农村土地承包及承包合同管理,并明确承担具体管理职能的机构和岗位。

  农村土地承包仲裁机构负责农村土地承包经营纠纷仲裁工作。

  第四条 农村土地承包及承包合同管理和农村土地承包经营纠纷仲裁的工作经费列入同级财政预算。

第二章 家庭承包

  第五条 采取家庭承包方式的农村土地,承包期为国家规定的法定期限;中途承包的期限为法定期限的剩余期限。承包期满,由土地承包经营权人按照国家有关规定继续承包。

  第六条 发包方是指依法所有农村土地或者依法使用国有土地的本集体经济组织或者村民委员会、村民小组。

  家庭承包的承包方是指户籍在当地公安机关登记在册的本集体经济组织的农户。

  非本集体经济组织的农户、其他组织或者个人不得以家庭承包方式承包本集体经济组织所有或者国家所有依法由本集体经济组织使用的农村土地。

  第七条 发包方应当依法与承包方签订书面承包合同。承包合同自成立之日起生效。

  没有签订书面承包合同或者承包合同违背法律、法规规定的,应当按照本实施办法的规定补签或者重新签订承包合同。

  承包合同1式4份,承包双方各执1份,县级以上地方人民政府农业或者林业行政主管部门和乡(镇)人民政府各执1份。任何组织和个人不得扣留承包合同。

  耕地、林地承包合同的示范文本由省人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门分别制定。

  第八条 已划定到户的自留地、自留山由农户长期无偿使用。

  承包到户的责任山,按承包合同约定执行。

  第九条 承包方不得弃耕抛荒承包耕地。承包方暂时不能耕种的,应当委托他人代耕;代耕1年以上的,应当签订书面合同。

  承包方将承包耕地弃耕抛荒超过1年又不委托他人代耕的,发包方应当组织代耕。代耕期间,土地经营收益归代耕者所有。承包方要求恢复从事该土地经营的,应当提前通知发包方,发包方应当在当季作物收获后交还承包方经营。

  第十条 县级以上地方人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门、乡(镇)人民政府应当按照各自职责负责农村土地承包合同、土地承包经营权证或者林权证的登记、发放、建档等工作。

  承包合同当事人有权查询、复制与其相关的登记资料,县级以上地方人民政府农业、林业等有关部门和乡(镇)人民政府应当提供便利,不得拒绝或者限制。

  第十一条 已纳入承包耕地管理的地块实施退耕还林工程后,原承包关系不变,由县级以上地方人民政府依法收回其土地承包经营权证,确认其林地承包权,发放林权证,纳入林地管理。

  第十二条 土地承包经营权证或者林权证是承包方享有土地承包经营权的法律凭证;其他任何组织或者个人不得擅自变更、涂改。

  第十三条 土地承包经营权证或者林权证毁损、遗失的,县级以上地方人民政府应当依据承包方的申请和有关证明材料及时补发。

  第十四条 承包期内,承包方家庭内部成员分户需要对承包地分割经营的,应当自行协商决定,并依法办理有关手续。

  第十五条 承包方应当依法保护和合理利用承包地,不得有下列行为:

  (一)擅自取土、挖砂等破坏土地耕种、经营条件;

  (二)在承包地上非法建房、烧窑、开矿等改变土地农林业用途。

第三章 其他方式的承包

  第十六条 不宜采取家庭承包方式的荒山、荒沟、荒丘、荒滩等农村土地,由农村集体经济组织通过招标、拍卖、公开协商等方式发包。在同等条件下,本集体经济组织成员享有优先承包权。

  第十七条 通过招标、拍卖、公开协商等方式承包的,发包方应当对每宗土地制定具体的承包方案。

  承包方案应当包括下列内容:承包土地的名称、坐落、面积、用途、承包方式、承包主体范围、承包期限、开发治理进度、双方权利义务、违约责任、承包费支付方式以及其他应当注明的事项。采取公开协商方式承包的,其承包方案还应当包括承包底价。

  承包方案应当向本集体经济组织全体成员公示,公示期不得少于15日。

  第十八条 以招标、拍卖方式承包的,承包费通过公开竞标、竞价确定。

  以公开协商方式承包的,承包费由发包方与承包方共同议定,并经本集体经济组织成员的村民会议三分之二以上成员或者三分之二以上村民代表同意。

  承包费由发包方所在集体经济组织按规定统一管理,其使用方案经本集体经济组织成员的村民会议三分之二以上成员或者三分之二以上村民代表同意,并向全体成员公布。

  第十九条 承包期满后,发包方应当及时收回承包土地,另行发包。再次发包给本集体经济组织以外的其他组织或者个人的,原承包方在同等条件下享有优先承包权。

第四章 土地承包经营权的保护

  第二十条 承包方对依法取得的家庭承包土地,享有占有、使用、收益的权利;对依法取得的土地承包经营权享有流转的权利。承包地被征收、征用时应当依法办理征收、征用手续,承包方有权依法获得补偿。任何组织或者个人不得侵犯其法定权益。

  第二十一条 承包期内,承包方因婚姻、出生、死亡、升学、参军、外出务工、服刑等原因引起家庭成员变动的,不影响承包合同的效力。

  第二十二条 承包期内,承包方整体性消亡的,发包方应当依法收回其以家庭承包方式承包的耕地。

  第二十三条 在村规民约中,不得约定侵害农户土地承包经营权益的内容。

  任何组织或者个人不得剥夺、侵害妇女应当享有的土地承包经营权。

  第二十四条 承包期内,发包方不得调整承包地。

  承包期内有下列特殊情形之一,需要对个别农户之间承包耕地适当调整的,必须经本集体经济组织成员的村民会议三分之二以上成员或者三分之二以上村民代表同意,并报乡(镇)人民政府和县级以上地方人民政府农业等行政主管部门批准:

  (一)因自然灾害严重毁损承包地的;

  (二)因土地被国家征收、征用,承包方自愿放弃货币补偿(地上附着物和青苗补偿费除外),要求继续承包土地的;

  (三)兴办乡村公共设施、公益事业或者实施乡村建设规划占用承包地的;

  (四)法律法规规定的其他情形。

  第二十五条 下列土地应当用于调整承包土地或者承包给新增人口:

  (一)集体经济组织依法预留的机动地;

  (二)通过依法开垦等方式增加的耕地;

  (三)承包方依法、自愿交回的耕地;

  (四)发包方依法收回的土地。

  上款所列农村土地应当向本集体经济组织成员公开,在调整或者承包给新增人口之前,农村集体经济组织应当组织代耕。

  第二十六条 有关行政主管部门拟订征地补偿标准和安置方案时,应当听取被征地的农村集体经济组织和农民的意见。

  征地补偿费依法应当支付给被征地承包方的部分,应当直接发放给被征地的承包方,并予以公布,任何单位或者个人不得截留、拖欠。

  第二十七条 农村集体经济组织在确定土地征收、征用补偿费的分配方案时,应当经本集体经济组织成员的村民会议三分之二以上成员或者三分之二以上村民代表同意。农村集体经济组织应当定期向本集体经济组织成员公布土地征收、征用补偿费的管理、使用和分配情况,接受全体成员监督。

第五章 土地承包经营权的流转

  第二十八条 土地承包经营权流转应当在坚持家庭承包经营制度和稳定农村土地承包关系的基础上,遵循平等协商、依法、自愿、有偿的原则进行,不得改变土地的农林业用途。

  任何组织或者个人不得妨碍或者强迫承包方流转土地承包经营权。

  第二十九条 土地承包经营权流转的主体是承包方。

  土地承包经营权流转的受让方主要是农户,也可以是法律和政策允许从事农业生产经营的其他组织或者个人。同等条件下,本集体经济组织农户享有优先权。

  第三十条 流转双方当事人应当按照省人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门分别制定的耕地、林地流转格式文本,依照法律规定的程序签订书面合同。

  第三十一条 承包方可以委托发包方或者中介组织流转土地承包经营权。委托方与受托方应当签订书面委托合同,并由委托方出具书面委托书。委托书应当载明委托的事项、权限和期限等,并由委托人签名或者盖章。

  受托方不得超越委托方的授权,不得损害委托方和第三人的权益。

  第三十二条 承包方依法采取转包、出租方式将土地承包经营权部分或者全部流转的,承包方与发包方的承包关系不变。

  第三十三条 同一集体经济组织的承包方之间自愿将土地承包经营权进行互换的,互换当事人应当与发包方重新签订土地承包合同。

  依法采取转让方式流转土地承包经营权的,承包方应当提前向发包方提出书面申请,发包方应当在收到申请后及时给予书面答复。

  第三十四条 土地承包经营权采取互换、转让方式流转,当事人要求登记换证的,按照下列程序办理:

  (一)向乡(镇)人民政府提交申请书、流转合同原件及其复印件、相应权属证书原件及其复印件,由乡(镇)人民政府报县级以上地方人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门;通过家庭承包方式取得土地承包经营权的,还应当提交发包方备案或者同意的证明;

  (二)县级以上地方人民政府农业或者林业行政主管部门自收到申请材料之日起,符合条件的,应当在20个工作日内进行变更登记,并报县级以上地方人民政府换发相应权证。国家规定需要公示的,从其规定。不予变更登记的,应当说明理由。

  第三十五条 家庭承包方之间可以自愿将土地承包经营权入股,联合发展农林业合作生产。股份合作解散或者合作经营期满时,以承包土地经营权入股的承包土地应当退回原承包方。

  第三十六条 土地承包经营权,经原承包方的书面同意后,可以采取转包、出租等方式依法再流转。原流转合同对再流转已有约定的,从其约定。

  第三十七条 未承包到户的农村集体林地使用权及其林木等附着物以公开协议方式流转的,经本集体经济组织成员的村民会议三分之二以上成员或者三分之二以上村民代表同意后方可签订流转合同。对资产价值认定不一致需要评估的,由有相应资质的机构进行森林资源资产评估。

  第三十八条 通过招标、拍卖、公开协商等方式承包的荒山、荒沟、荒丘、荒滩等农村土地,依照农村土地承包法等法律和国务院的有关规定,其土地承包经营权可以转让、入股、抵押或者以其他方式流转。

  第三十九条 土地承包经营权流转不得损害相邻土地权利人和农村集体经济组织的合法权益。

  第四十条 县级以上地方人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门应当依法对土地承包经营权流转情况进行指导、管理、监督、检查,相关单位和个人应当提供有关土地承包或者土地承包经营权流转的资料并如实说明有关情况。

  第四十一条 县级以上地方人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门和乡(镇)人民政府应当建立土地承包经营权流转信息库,及时公布流转供求信息,提供业务指导和服务。

  有条件的地方,可以建立土地承包经营权流转有形市场。

第六章 纠纷调处和法律责任

  第四十二条 发生农村土地承包经营纠纷,双方当事人可以协商解决,也可以申请村民委员会、乡(镇)人民政府调解。

  经调解达成协议的,应当制作纠纷调解协议书。调解协议书应当写明调解请求、调解事由和协议结果,分别由当事人签字或者盖章,并加盖调解机构或者组织的印章。

  当事人不愿协商、调解或者协商、调解不成的,以及达成调解协议后又反悔的,可以向农村土地承包仲裁机构申请仲裁,也可以直接向人民法院起诉,人民法院应当依法受理。

  林地承包纠纷另有规定的,从其规定。

  第四十三条 发包方违反本实施办法,有下列行为之一的,由县级以上地方人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门责令其限期改正,逾期不改正的,对直接责任人员处以1000元以下罚款;造成损失的,依法承担赔偿责任;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任:

  (一)承包期不符合法定期限的;

  (二)扣留承包合同的;

  (三)擅自变更或者解除农村土地承包合同的;

  (四)擅自变更或者涂改土地承包经营权证或者林权证记载内容的;

  (五)未按照本实施办法规定发包荒山、荒沟、荒丘、荒滩等农村土地的;

  (六)未按照本实施办法规定调整承包地、分配农村土地补偿费的;

  (七)妨碍承包方依法流转土地承包经营权的;

  (八)其他侵害承包方土地承包经营权的行为。

  第四十四条 承包方违反本实施办法第十五条规定的,由县级以上地方人民政府有关行政主管部门依法查处。

  第四十五条 国家行政机关及其工作人员有下列行为之一的,由上级机关或者所在单位责令其限期改正;情节严重的,对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员给予行政处分;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任:

  (一)不按规定登记、颁发土地承包经营权证或者林权证的;

  (二)利用职权扣留或者擅自更改承包方土地承包经营权证或者林权证的;

  (三)对有关农村土地承包的投诉、举报不及时受理的;

  (四)干涉承包方依法享有土地承包经营权和流转自主权的;

  (五)其他玩忽职守、徇私舞弊,侵害承包方土地承包经营权的行为。

第七章 附  则

  第四十六条 街道办事处所辖的农村集体经济组织发包原集体所有的农村土地,参照本实施办法执行。

  第四十七条 本实施办法实施以前农民已开垦的农村集体所有的土地,农村集体经济组织应与其签订承包合同,纳入农村土地承包管理。

  第四十八条 本实施办法实施以前颁发的土地承包经营权证或者林权证,符合有关规定的,继续有效。

  第四十九条 本实施办法自2008年3月1日起施行。



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麻醉药品管理办法(附英文)

国务院


麻醉药品管理办法(附英文)

1987年11月28日,国务院

第一章 总则
第一条 为严格管理麻醉药品,保证医疗、教学、科研的安全使用,根据《中华人民共和国药品管理法》的规定,制定本办法。
第二条 麻醉药品是指连续使用后易产生身体依赖性、能成瘾癖的药品。
第三条 麻醉药品包括:阿片类、可卡因类、大麻类、合成麻醉药类及卫生部指定的其他易成瘾癖的药品、药用原植物及其制剂。
第四条 国家严格管制麻醉药品原植物的种植和麻醉药品的生产、供应、进出口,非医疗、教学、科研需要一律不得使用麻醉药品。

第二章 麻醉药品的种植和生产
第五条 麻醉药品原植物的种植单位,必须经卫生部会同农牧渔业部、国家医药管理局审查批准,并抄报公安部。
麻醉药品的生产单位,必须经卫生部会同国家医药管理局审查批准。未经批准的任何单位和个人,一律不得从事麻醉药品的生产活动。
第六条 麻醉药品原植物的年度种植计划由卫生部会同农牧渔业部审查批准,麻醉药品的年度生产计划由卫生部会同国家医药管理局审查批准并联合下达执行,种植和生产单位不得擅自改变计划。对成品、半成品、罂粟壳及种子等,种植或生产单位必须有专人负责,严加保管,严禁自行销售和使用。
第七条 麻醉药品的生产,要加强质量管理,产品质量必须符合国家药品标准。
第八条 麻醉药品新品种的研究试制,必须由研制单位编制计划,报经卫生部审定批准后,方可进行。研究试制完毕后按有关新药审批的办法办理,并要严格试制品的保管与使用手续,防止流失。

第三章 麻醉药品的供应
第九条 麻醉药品的供应必须根据医疗、教学和科研的需要;有计划地进行。全国麻醉药品的供应计划由国家医药管理局指定的部门提出,报卫生部、国家医药管理局审查批准后下达执行。
第十条 麻醉药品经营单位的设置由各省、自治区、直辖市卫生行政部门会同医药管理部门提出,报卫生部、国家医药管理局审核批准。经营单位只能按规定限量供应经卫生行政部门批准的使用单位,不得向其他单位和个人供应。
第十一条 药用罂粟壳的供应业务由国家医药管理局及各省、自治区、直辖市的医药管理部门指定的经营单位办理,其他单位一律不准经营。罂粟壳的分配必须根据卫生部和国家医药管理局共同审查批准的计划调拨。罂粟壳可供医疗单位配方使用和由县以上卫生行政部门指定的经营单位凭盖有医疗单位公章的医生处方配方使用,不准零售。药品生产企业为配制中成药所需罂粟壳计划,由所在省、自治区、直辖市医药管理部门审核后,报卫生行政部门核定下达执行。
第十二条 各麻醉药品经营单位必须设置具有相应储藏条件的专用仓库或专柜,并指定专职人员承担麻醉药品的储运和供应工作。

第四章 麻醉药品的运输
第十三条 运输药用阿片时,必须凭卫生部签发的国内运输凭照办理运输手续,原植物的种植单位调给国家医药管理局仓库的药用阿片由发货单位派人押运,由仓库调往药品生产企业的由收货单位派人押运。押运员人数,按照运输部门的规定确定。
运输凭照由卫生部统一印制。
第十四条 运输麻醉药品和罂粟壳,除药用阿片外,生产和供应单位应在运单货物名称栏内明确填写“麻醉药品”,并在发货人记事栏加盖“麻醉药品专用章”,凭此办理运输手续。
第十五条 运输单位承运麻醉药品和罂粟壳,必须加强管理,及时运输,缩短在车站、码头、机场存放时间。铁路运输不得使用敞车,水路运输不得配装仓面,公路运输应当苫盖严密,捆扎牢固。
第十六条 运输途中如有丢失,承运单位必须认真查找,并立即报告当地公安机关和卫生行政部门查处。

第五章 麻醉药品的进出口
第十七条 麻醉药品的进出口业务由对外经济贸易部指定的单位按照国家有关外贸的规定办理,其他部门一律不得办理麻醉药品的进出口业务。麻醉药品进出口的年度计划应当报卫生部审批。
第十八条 因医疗、教学和科学工作需要进口麻醉药品的,应报卫生部审查批准,发给《麻醉药品进口准许证》后,方可申请办理进口手续。
第十九条 出口麻醉药品,应向卫生部提出申请并交验进口国政府主管部门签发的进口准许证,经卫生部审查发给《麻醉药品出口准许证》后,方可办理出口手续。
第二十条 麻醉药品进出口准许证由卫生部统一印制。

第六章 麻醉药品的使用
第二十一条 麻醉药品只限用于医疗、教学和科研需要。设有病床具备进行手术或一定医疗技术条件的医疗单位,可向当地卫生行政部门办理申请手续,经上一级卫生行政部门批准,核定供应级别后,发给“麻醉药品购用印鉴卡”,该单位应按照麻醉药品购用限量的规定,向指定的麻醉药品经营单位购用。
教学、科研单位所用的麻醉药品,由需用单位向当地卫生行政部门的上一级卫生行政部门提出申请,经批准后,向麻醉药品经营单位购用。
限量单位的级别标准由卫生部制定。
第二十二条 麻醉药品使用单位在采购麻醉药品时,须向麻醉药品经营单位填送“麻醉药品申购单”。麻醉药品经营单位在供应时,必须详细核对各项印章及数量。供应数量按照卫生部规定的麻醉药品品种范围及每季购用限量的规定办理。
第二十三条 麻醉药品使用单位采购麻醉药品,除直接到麻醉药品经营单位采购外,也可邮购。但往来单据、证件均须挂号寄发。邮寄麻醉药品时,麻醉药品经营单位应在包裹详情单上加盖“麻醉药品专用章”。并凭盖有“麻醉药品专用章”的发票作为向邮局办理邮寄的证明。
第二十四条 凡麻醉药品管理范围内的各种制剂,必须向麻醉药品经营单位购用。管理范围内没有的制剂或因医疗单位特殊需要的制剂,有麻醉药品使用权的医疗单位经县以上卫生行政部门批准,可以自行配制,其他任何单位不得自行配制。
第二十五条 使用麻醉药品的医务人员必须具有医师以上专业技术职务并经考核能正确使用麻醉药品。
进行计划生育手术的医务人员经考核能正确使用麻醉药品的,在进行手术期间有麻醉药品处方权。
第二十六条 麻醉药品的每张处方注射剂不得超过二日常用量,片剂、酊剂、糖浆剂等不超过三日常用量,连续使用不得超过七天。麻醉药品处方应书写完整,字迹清晰,签写开方医生姓名,配方应严格核对,配方和核对人员均应签名,并建立麻醉药品处方登记册。医务人员不得为自己开处方使用麻醉药品。
第二十七条 经县以上医疗单位诊断确需使用麻醉药品止痛的危重病人,可由县以上卫生行政部门指定的医疗单位凭医疗诊断书和户籍簿核发《麻醉药品专用卡》,患者凭专用卡到指定医疗单位按规定开方配药。由于持《麻醉药品专用卡》的病人用药增加,医疗单位每季度供应限量不足时,经所在地卫生行政部门的上一级卫生行政部门批准后,可增加供应量。
第二十八条 医疗单位应加强对麻醉药品的管理。禁止非法使用、储存、转让或借用麻醉药品。医疗单位要有专人负责,专柜加锁,专用帐册,专用处方,专册登记。处方保存三年备查。医疗单位对违反规定,滥用麻醉药品者有权拒绝发药,并及时向当地卫生行政部门报告。
第二十九条 因抢救病人急需麻醉药品的,有关医疗单位和麻醉药品经营单位应立即迅速办理,但只限于该病例一次性使用剂量,手续不完备的,可事后补办。

第七章 罚则
第三十条 凡违反本办法的规定,有下列行为之一者,可由当地卫生行政部门没 收全部麻醉药品和非法收入,并视其情节轻重给予非法所得的金额五至十倍的罚款,停业整顿,吊销《药品生产企业许可证》、《药品经营企业许可证》、《制剂许可证》的处罚:
(一)擅自生产麻醉药品或者改变生产计划,增加麻醉药品品种的;
(二)擅自经营麻醉药品和罂粟壳的;
(三)向未经批准的单位或者个人供应麻醉药品或者超限量供应的;
(四)擅自配制和出售麻醉药品制剂的;
(五)未经批准擅自进口、出口麻醉药品的;
(六)擅自安排麻醉药品新药临床,不经批准就投产的。
第三十一条 对利用工作方便,为他人开具不符合规定的处方,或者为自己开具处方,骗取、滥用麻醉药品的直接责任人员,由其所在单位给予行政处分。
第三十二条 违反本办法规定,擅自种植罂粟的,或者非法吸食麻醉药品的,由公安机关依照治安管理处罚条例或有关的规定给予处罚。
第三十三条 违反本办法的规定,制造、运输、贩卖麻醉药品和罂粟壳,构成犯罪的,由司法机关依法追究其刑事责任。
第三十四条 当事人对行政处罚不服的,可在接到处罚通知之日起十五日内,向作出处理的机关的上一级机关申请复议。上一级机关应在接到申请之日起十日内作出答复。对答复不服的,可在接到答复之日起十五日内,向人民法院起诉。对处罚决定不服而逾期又不起诉的,原处理机关可向人民法院申请强制执行。

第八章 附则
第三十五条 军队、武装警察部队卫生医疗单位麻醉药品的供应、使用,由卫生部会同中国人民解放军总后勤部、中国人民武装警察部队后勤部根据本办法,制定具体管理办法
第三十六条 兽用麻醉药品的供应、使用,由卫生部、农牧渔业部根据本办法,制定具体管理办法。
第三十七条 本办法的实施细则由卫生部制定。
第三十八条 本办法自发布之日起施行。1978年9月13日国务院颁发的《麻醉药品管理条例》同时废止。

MEASURES FOR THE CONTROL OF NARCOTIC DRUGS

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
MEASURES FOR THE CONTROL OF NARCOTIC DRUGS
(Promulgated by the State Council of the People's Republic of
China on November 28, 1987)

Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
These Measures are formulated in accordance with the Medicine
Administration Law of the People's Republic of China, for the purpose of
tightening control over narcotic drugs so as to ensure their safe use in
medical treatment units, medical colleges and medical research
institutions.
Article 2
Narcotic drugs refer to those drugs that may cause dependence and
addiction after continuous administration.
Article 3
Narcotic drugs include opium, cocaine, marijuana, synthetic anaesthetic
drugs and those defined by the Ministry of Public Health as addict-forming
drugs, anaesthetic raw herbs and the products made from them.
Article 4
The State shall strictly supervise and control the cultivation of the
mother plants of narcotics and the production, supply, export and import
of narcotic drugs. Narcotic drugs shall not be used except for the purpose
of medical treatment, teaching and research when necessary.

Chapter II The Cultivation of Mother Plants of Narcotics and the Production of Narcotic Drugs
Article 5
The units that cultivate mother plants of narcotics must be examined and
approved jointly by the Ministry of Public Health, the Ministry of
Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fishery and the State Administration for
Medicine. A copy of the report shall be sent to the Ministry of Public
Security.
The units that produce narcotic drugs must be examined and approved
jointly by the Ministry of Public Health and the State Administration for
Medicine. Without approval, no unit or individual shall be allowed to
produce narcotic drugs.
Article 6
The annual cultivation plan for mother plants of narcotics shall be
examined and approved jointly by the Ministry of Public Health and the
Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fishery. The annual
production plan of narcotic drugs shall be examined and approved jointly
by the Ministry of Public Health and the State Administration for
Medicine. The cultivation units and the production units shall not change
the plans without authorization. The cultivation unit and the production
unit must assign a person or persons with the special responsibility for
the storage of the finished products, semi-finished products, poppy
capsules and poppy seeds. Sale or use of these things without
authorization shall be strictly prohibited.
Article 7
Narcotic drugs must be brought under strict quality control. The quality
of the products must meet the standards set for medicines by the State.
Article 8
Before the development of any new kind of narcotic drugs, the research
unit must first of all draw up a plan and submit it to the Ministry of
Public Health for examination and approval. After the new drug is
developed, the research and trial production units must go through the
formalities for the approval of such new drugs. The storage and use of the
trial products must follow strict procedures so as to prevent their loss.

Chapter III The Supply of Narcotic Drugs
Article 9
Narcotic drugs shall be provided in a planned way according to the demand
of medical treatment units, medical colleges and scientific research
institutions. A national supply plan of narcotic drugs shall be drawn by
a department appointed by the State Administration for Medicine and
submitted to the Ministry of Public Health and the State Administration
for Medicine for examination and approval before it is issued for
implementation.
Article 10
The plan for the setting up of a trading unit of narcotic drugs shall be
put forward jointly by the administrative department of health and
medicine administrative department in each province, autonomous region, or
municipality directly under the Central Government and shall be examined
and approved by the Ministry of Public Health and the State Administration
for Medicine. The trading units shall provide narcotic drugs only to those
consumer units approved by the administrative department of health and
within the prescribed quota. No supply for any other unit or person is
permitted.
Article 11
Poppy capsules used for medical purposes shall be supplied by the trading
units appointed by the State Administration for Medicine and medicine
department in each province, autonomous region, or municipality directly
under the Central Government. No other unit shall be allowed to engage in
such business. Poppy capsules must be allotted to the consumer units in
accordance with the plan examined and approved jointly by the Ministry of
Public Health and the State Administration for Medicine. Poppy capsules
shall be supplied to the medical treatment units for clinical use and to
the trading units designated by the administrative departments of health
at or above the county level for clinical application endorsed with an
office seal of their respective medical treatment units. No retail sale of
poppy capsules is allowed. The pharmaceutical factories that need poppy
capsules in the production of ready made Chinese medicine must submit
plans to the medicine administrative department in their province,
autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government
for examination and then to the administrative department of health for
approval before production.
Article 12
A trading unit of narcotic drugs must have a special storehouse or
counter(s) with good storage conditions and assign a person or persons
with special responsibility for the storage, transportation and supply of
narcotic drugs.

Chapter IV Transportation of Narcotic Drugs
Article 13
A permit for domestic consignment issued by the Ministry of Public Health
is needed when going through shipment formalities for transporting
medicinal opium. Shipment of medicinal opium from the cultivation unit to
the storehouse of the State Administration for Medicine shall be escorted
by the people sent by the consignor unit. Shipment of medicinal opium from
the storehouse to the production enterprises shall be escorted by the
people sent by consignee unit. The number of escorts shall be decided in
accordance with the regulations of the transportation department.
Permit for domestic transportation of such drugs shall be printed solely
by the Ministry of Public Health.
Article 14
When consigning narcotic drugs or poppy capsules (not including medicinal
opium), the production unit or the supply unit must put down clearly the
words of Narcotic Drug in the blank for the name of goods on the shipping
document and a seal for consignment of Narcotic Drug must be stamped in
the space left for the consignor.
Article 15
The freighter unit must tighten control over the shipment of narcotic
drugs and poppy capsules by dispatching the consignment promptly and
shortening its storage time at the station, on the dock or at the airport.
They must not be transported in open wagons on railways and, if by ship,
no loading on hold surface is allowed and, if by truck, they must be
securely fastened up and safely protected.
Article 16
In the event that any of the narcotic drugs or poppy capsules are found
missing in the course of transportation, the freighter-unit must report
the case promptly to the local public security organ and the
administrative department of health for investigation.

Chapter V Import and Export of Narcotic Drugs
Article 17
The import and export of narcotic drugs shall be handled by the units
appointed by the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade in
accordance with State regulations concerning foreign trade.
No other units shall be allowed to engage in the business. The annual plan
for import and export of narcotic drugs shall be subject to examination
and approval by the Ministry of Public Health.
Article 18
The import of narcotic drugs needed in medical treatment units, medical
colleges of or medical science research institutions must be verified and
approved by the Ministry of Public Health. Only after an Import License
for Narcotic Drugs is granted can these units apply to go through import
formalities.
Article 19
The export of narcotic drugs must be verified and approved by the Ministry
of Public Health. An application and an import license which is a
prerequisite to going through import formalities for narcotic drugs issued
by the competent government department of the importing country must be
presented before the Ministry of Public Health issues an Export License
for Narcotic Drugs.
Article 20
Import and export licenses for narcotic drugs shall be printed exclusively
by the Ministry of Public Health.

Chapter VI The Use of Narcotic Drugs
Article 21
Narcotic drugs shall only be used for medical treatment, in teaching at
medical colleges and in medical science research. Any medical treatment
unit with medical wards and with surgical or other necessary medical
treatment facilities may file an application to the local administrative
department of health. Upon approval by the administrative department of
health at a higher level, and after the level of supply is verified, a
Purchase Card for Narcotic Drugs shall be issued. The aforesaid unit may
purchase the needed narcotic drugs from the designated trading units
according to the fixed quota. When the medical colleges or scientific
research institutions are in need of narcotic drugs, they shall file an
application to the administrative department of health at a higher level
and, upon approval, may purchase these drugs from the trading units of
narcotic drugs. The Ministry of Public Health is the authority to make out
the grading standard of rations.
Article 22
Narcotic consuming unit must fill out an application form for when
purchasing, narcotic drugs and the supplying unit must check the various
seals and the number of seals stamped on the form before supplying them
with the kind of drugs on quarterly ration as stipulated in the
regulations set by the Ministry of Public Health.
Article 23
The unit in need of narcotic drugs can either purchase them directly from
the trading units or by mail order. In the latter case, however, the
shipping documents and certificates must be sent out by registered mail.
When sending the narcotic drugs by post, the sender-trading unit is
required to stamp a Seal for Narcotic Drugs on the parcel form and to
present to the post office the invoice with a Seal for Narcotic Drugs
stamped on.
Article 24
Preparations that fall under the category of narcotic drugs must be
purchased from the trading units of narcotic drugs. In case that they are
not available or special preparations are needed by the medical treatment
units, the authorized consuming medical units may prepare them by
themselves with approval by the administrative department of health at or
above the county level. No other unit shall be allowed to prepare any form
of anaesthetic.
Article 25
The medical worker who prescribes any anaesthetics for the patient must be
a qualified physician or a surgeon, who is tested to have been able to use
such drugs properly. The surgeon at the induced abortion ward who is
tested to have been able to use such drugs properly may have the right to
prescribe anaesthetics for the person to be operated on.
Article 26
Dosage for injection in each prescription must not exceed two days of
daily dose, as for the tablet, tincture, syrup, the dosage must not exceed
three days of daily dose. Administration of narcotic must not exceed a
period of seven days running. Prescription of narcotic drugs must be fully
and clearly stated with signature of the physician or surgeon on. When
preparing a narcotic drug, the pharmacist and the checker are required to
sign their names and keep the prescription of the narcotic drug on file.
No medical worker is allowed to prescribe any narcotic drug for
him/herself.
Article 27
In the case of a patient in serious conditions who is diagnosed by a
hospital at or above county level to be in need of narcotic drugs as a
pain killer, the hospital appointed by the administrative department of
health at or above the county level may issue the patient with a Special
Purchasing Card for Narcotic on the basis of the Prescription and by
checking his permanent residence booklet, and the patient may take this to
the appointed medical treatment unit to have the drug prepared. If the
patient holding a Special Purchasing Card for Narcotic is in need of a
larger dose and the seasonal ration of the medical treatment unit fails to
meet the demand, additional amount of narcotic shall be made available
only with the approval by the administrative department of health at a
higher level.
Article 28
Medical treatment units are required to tighten control over narcotic
drugs. Any illegal use, storage, transfer or borrowing of narcotic drugs
is prohibited. Narcotic drugs must be put under the charge of a person
specially appointed for the purpose and kept in a separate place under
lock. The distribution and prescriptions of narcotic drugs must be kept in
record separately from those of other medicine.
The prescriptions must be kept on file for a period of three years. The
medical treatment unit shall have the right to refuse dispensing of drugs
to those who abuse them in violation of relevant rules and regulations and
shall report the case to the local administrative department of health
promptly.
Article 29
In the event of an emergency case which is in need of narcotic drugs, the
medical treatment unit so involved and the trading unit of narcotic drugs
are required to supply a dose of narcotic promptly for the case only, and
the necessary formalities shall be done after the event.

Chapter VII Penalty Provisions
Article 30
Any violation of these Measures shall be subject to penalty by the local
administrative department of health according to the seriousness of the
case. The penalty shall cover confiscation of all the narcotic drugs and
the illegal earnings, a fine ranging from 5-10 times the illegal profits,
closing down of the business or revocation of "License for Pharmaceutical
Production Enterprise", "License for Pharmaceutical Business Enterprise"
or License for Medicaments"
(1) those who, without authorization, are engaged in the production of
narcotic drugs or have changed the production plan and made additional
kinds of narcotic drugs;
(2) those who are engaged in unauthorized trading business of narcotic
drugs and poppy capsules;
(3) those who supply or oversupply narcotics to any unit or person that
has not been granted the permission to use the stuff;
(4) those who prepare and sell any form of narcotic drugs without
authorization;
(5) those who are engaged in unauthorized import or export of narcotic
drugs;
(6) those who apply any new kind of narcotic drugs to patients clinically
or have produced any new kind of narcotic drugs without authorization.
Article 31
Those who have taken advantage of their professional work by prescribing
narcotics to other persons without complying with the rules or by
prescribing narcotics for themselves, and those who are directly
responsible for cheating to obtain or abusing the stuff, shall be given
disciplinary sanctions by the authorities of their units.
Article 32
Those who, in violation of these Measures, cultivate poppy without
authorization or take in narcotic drugs illegally shall be punished by a
public security organ in accordance with the Regulations on Administrative
Penalties for Public Security or other related rules.
Article 33
With respect to any one who produces, transports or sells narcotics or
poppy capsules, if the circumstances are serious enough to constitute a
crime, he shall be prosecuted for criminal liability by the judicial
organs according to law.
Article 34
A party, who is dissatisfied with the decision on an administrative
sanction may, within 15 days of receiving the notification on the
sanction, make a request for reconsideration to the authorities at the
level next higher, which shall make a reply within 10 days of receipt of
the appeal. If he is dissatisfied with the decision on reconsideration, he
may, within 15 days of receiving the reconsideration decision, bring a
suit before a people's court. If, upon the expiration of this period, the
party has neither complied with the sanction nor has brought a suit before
a people's court, the authorities that impose the sanction shall apply to
the people's court for compulsory enforcement.

Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions
Article 35
The specific administration rules for the supply and use of narcotic drugs
in the health and medical treatment units of the Chinese People's
Liberation Army and the Chinese People's Armed Police Force shall be
formulated jointly by the Ministry of Public Health, the General Logistics
Department of the Chinese People's Liberation Army and the Logistics
Department of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force in accordance with
these Measures.
Article 36
The specific administration rules for the supply and use of veterinary
narcotic drugs shall be formulated jointly by the Ministry of Public
Health and the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fishery in
accordance with these Measures.
Article 37
The rules for the implementation of these Measures shall be formulated by
the Ministry of Public Health.
Article 38
These Measures shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation. The
Provisions for the Administration of Narcotic Drugs, promulgated by the
State Council of the People's Republic of China on September 13, 1978,
shall become null and void on the same day.


评银行客户经理萧对许霆案的总结及对当代人良心的拷问

龙城飞将


  在网上,无意之间发现银行客户经理萧发的一个帖子引起人们的热捧:《对许霆案的总结及对当代人良心的拷问》。读此帖后,提出如下批评意见:
  对于许霆案,银行客户经理非常赞同现在的判罚,他将此案小结为三点。
  关于第一点:银行客户经理萧认为,许霆有罪,应当被处以适当的处罚。作者没有提出强有力的支持,只是说“许霆行为的‘秘密性’的问题法院已经给出了明确解释,判处盗窃罪是成立的”。 其实,这正是人们予以热议的原因所在,也是法院极力回避的。事实上,几个判决书都没有把法律规定的“秘密窃取”解释清楚。关于许霆案件详细的研究,参见本人博客(http://blog.sina.com.cn/u/1430985877)。
  关于第二点,银行客户萧认为,“银行有错,这是构成许霆减刑的主要依据”。这是不能成立的。无论银行正确与否,都不是许霆应当判重刑或减刑的原因。有罪则应判刑,无罪则应释放。符合法律规定,有判刑的条件则判刑,无判刑的条件则不判刑。
  关于第三点,银行客户经理萧认为,“抛开法律层面来说,从情理上讲……如果他能够等到银行来找他的时候归还银行,不仅不会判刑,银行还会对他报以感谢……事实上所有银行都是这么做的,这是由银行自身责任追究体系相联系的,责任单位和责任人宁可赔钱又赔礼也愿意私了不报官”,这就更不对了。固然,银行实际上可能是这样做,但实质上银行是错误的,许霆这种行为有罪则报警,无罪则不报警,为什么还要感谢他呢?若这种行为是犯罪,等银行找上门来时也已经是犯罪既遂,怎样银行此时还要“感谢”?这不是包庇罪犯是什么?银行这样做不是犯罪又是什么?

  接着,银行客户经理对许霆案同时也是对当代人在良心问题上的拷问。说在这个问题上网友大致分成四种,银行客户经理萧进行了点评。在此也对其点评一番点评:
  第一种观点:有罪无期类。银行客户经理萧认为:“这种观点比较激进,嫉恶如仇,对法律掌握有些教条,也有些过激,没有对许霆犯罪进行人性化考量”。中国是大陆法系国家,法官没有灵活创法的权力,就应当了孟德斯鸠所言在案件的审理和判决中严格地执行法律。若许霆盗窃金融机构罪成立,没有任何疑问,就应当判决无期,判决无期以下就是违法的。其实,许霆案件的问题所在不在于量刑的轻重,而在于定性是否准确。
  第二种观点:有罪有期类。萧持这种观点,上面我已经对这种观点进行了分析。
  第三种观点:无罪有错类。萧认为,“持这种观点的人还是比较理智的,认为许霆取走17万是错误的,但在现有法律体系内无法惩戒他。他们主要是在法律条文方面纠缠不清”。其实,这是萧法律规定不甚清楚。既然在现有法律体系内无法惩戒某人某事,法律早有了规定,疑罪从无,以后再启动立法程序!
  第四种观点:无罪无错类。萧谴责这种观点的持有者,本人同意萧的观点。

2008-9-17



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